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Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084Beijing, People's Republic of China
[ "Dun Li received a PhD degree in computer science from Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France, in 2025. He is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher with the Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, China. His research interests include large language models, Industrial Internet of Things, digital twin, and system reliability." ]
[ "Ruiguan Lin received a PhD degree in engineering from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China, in 2024. He is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher and Assistant Researcher with the Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, China. His research interests include intelligent operation and maintenance of high-end equipment, reliability assessment and management for civil aviation systems, and maintenance decision-making for civil aircraft structures." ]
[ "Zisheng Wang received a BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, in 2018, and a PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2023. He is currently an Assistant Research Fellow with the Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, China, supported by the Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar Talent Program. His research interests include intelligent monitoring and maintenance for high-end equipment and multimodal large language models." ]
[ "Yan-Fu Li (Senior Member, IEEE) was a Faculty Member with the Laboratory of Industrial Engineering, CentraleSupélec, University of Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, from 2011 to 2016. He is currently a Professor with the Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He has led or participated in several research projects supported by the European Union, France, and Chinese governmental funding agencies, as well as various industrial partners. He has authored or coauthored more than 100 publications in international journals, conference proceedings, and books. His research interests include reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety (RAMS) assessment and optimization for industrial systems. Dr. Li is an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Reliability." ]
Received:14 August 2025,
Revised:2026-01-28,
Accepted:15 March 2026,
Online First:31 March 2026,
Published:2026-06
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Dun Li, Ruiguan Lin, Zisheng Wang, et al. 用于自主智能系统测试与验证的类ChatGPT大语言模型:系统综述[J]. 可靠性科学与工程学报(英文), 2026, 2: 022001.
Dun Li, Ruiguan Lin, Zisheng Wang, et al. ChatGPT-like large language models for testing and verification of autonomous intelligent systems: a systematic review[J]. Journal of Reliability Science and Engineering, 2026, 2: 022001.
Dun Li, Ruiguan Lin, Zisheng Wang, et al. 用于自主智能系统测试与验证的类ChatGPT大语言模型:系统综述[J]. 可靠性科学与工程学报(英文), 2026, 2: 022001. DOI: 10.1088/3050-2454/ae524c.
Dun Li, Ruiguan Lin, Zisheng Wang, et al. ChatGPT-like large language models for testing and verification of autonomous intelligent systems: a systematic review[J]. Journal of Reliability Science and Engineering, 2026, 2: 022001. DOI: 10.1088/3050-2454/ae524c.
本文系统综述了类ChatGPT大语言模型(LLMs)如何促进自主智能系统(AIS)的测试与验证。基于生成式推理的最新进展,本研究整合了120篇同行评审文献中的证据,考察了四个关键领域:测试场景生成、漏洞检测、形式化验证及实时监控。通过对模糊测试、符号执行与强化学习的比较分析,本文揭示了LLMs在提升自动化程度、语义覆盖率与适应性的同时,在基准完整性、可解释性与资源效率方面的局限性。综述引入了结构化表格来总结代表性数据集、特定领域应用以及传统测试方法与基于LLM的测试方法之间的比较见解。本文分析了包括基准缺失、可解释性不足和伦理风险在内的主要挑战,并探讨了混合验证框架与数据质量增强等新兴研究方向。本研究旨在弥合AI安全工程与大模型推理之间的概念与实践差距,为将LLMs集成到未来AIS验证流程中提供参考路线图。
This paper provides a systematic review of how ChatGPT-like large language models (LLMs) contribute to the testing and verification of autonomous intelligent systems (AIS). Building upon recent advances in generative reasoning
this study integrates evidence from 120 peer-reviewed works to examine four key domains: test scenario generation
vulnerability detection
formal verification
and real-time monitoring. Comparative analysis across fuzz testing
symbolic execution
and reinforcement learning highlights how LLMs improve automation
semantic coverage
and adaptability while revealing limitations in benchmark completeness
interpretability
and resource efficiency. The review introduces structured tables summarizing representative datasets
domain-specific applications
and comparative insights between traditional and LLM-based testing approaches. Key challenges-including benchmarking gaps
explainability deficits
and ethical risks-are analyzed alongside emerging research directions such as hybrid verification frameworks and data quality enhancement. This work aims to bridge conceptual and practical gaps between AI safety engineering and large-model reasoning
offering a reference roadmap for integrating LLMs into future AIS verification pipelines.
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